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Award ID | Description | Recipient | Total Value | Awarding Agency | Funding Agency | Set Aside | NAICS | PSC | Award Date | Start Date | End Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE, ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES, AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENC | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $376,702 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Jun 3, 2026 | May 1, 2026 | Apr 30, 2029 | ||
| EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE, ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES, AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENC | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $527,088 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | May 27, 2026 | Apr 1, 2026 | Mar 31, 2029 | ||
| 23-BPSF23-0053, CONNECT-SBG: COLLABORATIVE NEXUS FOR NETWORKING, EDUCATION, AND CAREER TRAINING IN SURFACE BIOLOGY AND GEOLOGY | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $223,704 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Sep 16, 2024 | Aug 23, 2024 | Aug 22, 2026 | ||
| 22-ESAT22-0008.I.C.E. C.R.E.A.M.: INTEGRATING COMMUNICATION OF ECOSTRESS INTO COMMUNITY RESEARCH, EDUCATION, APPLICATIONS, AND MEDIA | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $396,687 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ14GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; R&D ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | Jan 6, 2023 | Jan 1, 2023 | Dec 31, 2026 | ||
| COMMUNITIES FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT: TRIANGULATING NASA DATA AND PARTICIPATORY GIS WITH LOCAL ORGANIZING TO ADVANCE ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN LOS ANGELES | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $17,800 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Sep 22, 2022 | Sep 15, 2022 | May 31, 2023 | ||
| WATER MANAGEMENT FOR THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $358,230 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | May 4, 2022 | Apr 15, 2022 | Dec 31, 2025 | ||
| THE PROJECT S OBJECTIVE IS TO IMPROVE SEA SURFACE SALINITY (SSS) SATELLITE PRODUCTS THROUGH IMPROVED RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL AND SENSOR CALIBRATION. THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS FOR THE SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP) AND AQUARIUS MISSIONS WILL BE | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $198,879 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR11SPACE R&D SERVICES; SPACE FLIGHT, RESEARCH AND SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES; BASIC RESEARCH | Nov 2, 2021 | Jan 1, 2022 | Dec 31, 2026 | ||
| INVERTING THE SPACECRAFT TO OBSERVE THE CELESTIAL SKY (COLD SKY CALIBRATION) IS AN IMPORTANT STEP IN CALIBRATION AND AN IMPORTANT PART | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $55,110 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Jan 13, 2021 | Dec 23, 2020 | Nov 6, 2022 | ||
| THE PROJECT'S OBJECTIVE IS TO IMPROVE THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM OF SATELLITE SEA SURFACE SALINITY (SSS) PRODUCTS THOUGH IMPROVED RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL AND SENSORS CALIBRATION. THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS FOR SMAP AND AQUARIUS WILL BE ASSESSED BY COMPARISON WITH IN SITU SALINITY MEASUREMENTS AND SSS FROM A NUMERICAL OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL. THE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL AND THE SENSORS' CALIBRATION WILL BE MODIFIED IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE ACCURACY OF THE SSS RETRIEVAL. A FEW OF THE ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED INCLUDE THE MODEL FOR THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF SEA WATER, THE UNCERTAINTY OF THE ANCILLARY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, CORRECTING FOR THE IMPACT OF SEA ICE IN THE HIGH LATITUDES AND THE IMPACT OF SEASONAL CYCLES ON THE AQUARIUS RADIOMETER CALIBRATION. THESE TOPICS ARE EXAMPLES BASED ON WHAT IS KNOWN AT THE TIME OF WRITING AND MAY CHANGE AS THE CALIBRATION AND SALINITY RETRIEVAL OF AQUARIUS AND SMAP IMPROVE. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $602,246 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Sep 1, 2018 | Oct 1, 2018 | Sep 30, 2022 | ||
| THIS PROPOSAL IS TO PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC OVERSIGHT AND ADVICE IN SUPPORT OF A STUDY TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR REMOTE SENSING OF OCEAN SURFACE SALINITY WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION AND ENHANCED ACCURACY IN COLD WATERS. THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS WILL FOCUS ON BEAM STEERING AND SYNTHETIZING ON A SINGLE-DISH RADIOMETER. THE PI WILL PROVIDE HIS EXPERTISE TO DEFINE THE SCIENCE REQUIREMENTS AND HELP WITH THE DEFINITION OF HARDWARE DESIGN PARAMETERS TO ACHIEVE DEFINED SCIENCE GOALS. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $39,901 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Feb 5, 2018 | Jan 11, 2018 | Apr 20, 2020 | ||
| SOIL MOISTURE IS A KEY PARAMETER TO DETERMINE WATER AVAILABILITY; IT CONNECTS THE TERRESTRIAL WATER, ENERGY AND CARBON CYCLES, AND ACTS AS A CLIMATE INDICTOR. THE 2007 DECADAL SURVEY REINFORCED THE NECESSITY OF MONITORING SOIL MOISTURE BY RECOMMENDING A DEDICATED SOIL MOISTURE MISSION. MANY SENSORS CAPABLE OF SOIL MOISTURE SENSING AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES HAVE BEEN LAUNCHED OVER THE YEARS. EACH OF THEM PURSUES THE GOAL OF SUCCESSFULLY RETRIEVING SOIL MOISTURE BASED ON THEIR OWN CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION METRICS. FUNDAMENTALLY, THE INTEREST LIES IN A CONSISTENT LONG-TERM SOIL MOISTURE RECORD SPANNING MULTIPLE SATELLITE PLATFORMS, AND WE THEREFORE NEED A CONSISTENT SENSOR DATA RECORD. SOIL MOISTURE WAS NAMED AN ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLE (ECV) IN 2010 BY THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM, AN INITIATIVE BY THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION, THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE. IN THIS INVESTIGATION, WE FOCUS ON FOUR SATELLITES THAT ARE CAPABLE OF SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL VIA BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS: JAXA S ADVANCED MICROWAVE SCANNING RADIOMETER-EOS (AMSR-E) LAUNCHED IN MAY 2002 ON THE NASA AQUA SATELLITE (IT STOPPED NOMINAL DATA ACQUISITION IN OCTOBER 2011), ESA S SOIL MOISTURE AND OCEAN SALINITY (SMOS) MISSION LAUNCHED IN NOVEMBER 2009, JAXA S ADVANCED MICROWAVE SCANNING RADIOMETER 2 (AMSR2) ONBOARD THE GCOM-W SATELLITE LAUNCHED IN MAY 2012, AND NASA S SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE PASSIVE (SMAP) MISSION LAUNCHED IN JANUARY 2015. WE PROPOSE TO (A) INTER-CALIBRATE THE L-, C- AND X-BAND BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES OF AMSR-E, SMOS, AMSR2 AND SMAP. WE WILL MATCH THE OBSERVATIONS OF THE INSTRUMENTS IN SPACE AND TIME OVER OCEAN AND WITH RESPECT TO THE COLD SKY. WE WILL ADAPT A HERITAGE ANTENNA TEMPERATURE SIMULATOR TO MULTI-FREQUENCY BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE MODELING TO MAKE THE L-, C- AND X-BAND BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES CONSISTENT ACROSS FREQUENCIES. TEMPORAL OVERLAP OF SMOS WITH AMSR-E, AND SMAP AND SMOS WITH AMSR2 WILL BE KEY IN MAKING THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE RECORDS CONSISTENT. WE FURTHER PROPOSE TO (B) APPLY A UNIFORMLY DESIGNED SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM TO RETRIEVE CONSISTENT SOIL MOISTURE USING THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE RECORDS AT DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES. WE WILL BRING IN IN-SITU SOIL MOISTURE DATA AS GROUND TRUTH TO PARAMETERIZE AND TEST THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO REVEAL ANY HIDDEN INCONSISTENCIES BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE DATA SETS. FINALLY, WE PROPOSE TO (C) COMPENSATE FOR THE DIFFERENT SENSING DEPTHS OF THE DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES USING A MODEL AND PRESENT THE SOIL MOISTURE AT A UNIFORM DEPTH. WE WILL APPLY A SIMPLE NEAR SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE MODEL TO PROJECT THE OBSERVATIONS TO THE SMAP OBSERVATION DEPTH. THE PROPOSED WORK ENABLES A CONSISTENT GLOBAL SOIL MOISTURE DATA RECORD SPANNING FROM 2002 TO PRESENT, AND CONTINUES IN THE TIME FRAME OF THE PERFORMED WORK UNTIL 2019. WE SHALL LEVERAGE THE SIGNIFICANT HERITAGE OF ANALYSIS AND TOOLS ACCUMULATED BY THE INVESTIGATOR TEAM TO CONDUCT THE PROPOSED RESEARCH. THE U.S. GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH PROGRAM IDENTIFIED THE IMPORTANCE OF SOIL MOISTURE OBSERVATIONS IN ITS OBJECTIVES OF EARTH SCIENCE UNDERSTANDING AND EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG-TERM INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONS. NOAA S NATIONAL CALIBRATION CENTER AIMS AT DEVELOPING UNIFORM CALIBRATION STANDARDS AND METHODOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES SUCH AS THE ONES PROPOSED IN THIS RESEARCH. SIMILARLY, THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATION IS RESPONSIVE TO SEVERAL INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO ACHIEVE INTER-CONSISTENCY OF SATELLITE PRODUCTS. THIS STUDY WILL BE RELEVANT FOR THE CEOS (COMMITTEE ON EARTH OBSERVING SATELLITES). THE OBJECTIVES AND THE WORK PLAN OF THE PROPOSAL IS ALSO ALIGNED WITH OBJECTIVES OF THE GLOBAL SPACE-BASED INTER-CALIBRATION SYSTEM (GSICS), WHICH AIMS AMONGST OTHERS AT MONITORING INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCES, AT TYING THE MEASUREMENTS TO ABSOLUTE REFERENCES AND STANDARDS, AND AT RECALIBRATING ARCHIVED DATA. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $99,395 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Mar 13, 2017 | Feb 16, 2017 | May 11, 2020 | ||
| A STUDY IS PROPOSED TO DEFINE OPTIONS FOR A NEXT-GENERATION SPACEBORNE INSTRUMENT FOR OCEAN REMOTE SENSING. THE NEW SENSOR WILL FOCUS ON SALINITY IN THE OPEN OCEAN WITH REFINEMENTS TO ADDRESS COLD WATER AND ADDRESS APPLICATIONS CLOSE TO SHORE WHERE THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LAND, OCEAN AND ICE ARE IMPORTANT. GOALS OF THE STUDY INCLUDE DEFINING MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS AND OUTLINING TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR AN AFFORDABLE SCIENCE-DRIVEN MISSION. THE PI WILL PROVIDE HIS EXPERTISE TO DEFINE THE SCIENCE REQUIREMENTS AND HELP WITH THE DEFINITION OF ANTENNA DESIGN PARAMETERS. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $40,627 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Feb 27, 2017 | Feb 14, 2017 | Feb 13, 2018 | ||
| THE AQUARIUS/SAC-D MISSION HAS BEEN MEASURING GLOBAL SEA SURFACE SALINITY (SSS) BY MEANS OF L-BAND PASSIVE (RADIOMETER) AND ACTIVE (SCATTEROMETER) REMOTE SENSING CONTINUOUSLY SINCE AUGUST 2011. THE SPACECRAFT WAS LAUNCHED IN JUNE 2011, AND ALL AQUARIUS INSTRUMENTS WERE TURNED ON AND OPERATING NOMINALLY AT THE END OF AUGUST 2011. VARIABILITY OF SSS IN THE OPEN OCEAN RESULTS IN CHANGES IN THE RADIOMETRIC SIGNAL OF A FEW KELVIN (K) ONLY. VARIABILITY OF OTHER GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS LIKE THE OCEAN SURFACE ROUGHNESS (MOSTLY RELATED TO WIND) OR SURFACE TEMPERATURE CAN RESULT IN A SIMILAR, IF NOT LARGER, RADIOMETRIC SIGNAL. IN ADDITION, INSTRUMENTAL ERRORS, DUE FOR EXAMPLE TO THE ANTENNA GAIN PATTERN, CAN ALSO RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT UNCERTAINTY ON THE MEASURED SIGNAL. THEREFORE, RETRIEVING SALINITY REQUIRES ACCURATE CORRECTIONS FOR THE UNCERTAINTIES DUE TO INSTRUMENTAL EFFECTS AND NATURAL GEOPHYSICAL NOISE. AFTER A FEW MONTHS OF REGULAR IMPROVEMENTS IN AQUARIUS CALIBRATION, DATA PROCESSING AND RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM, AQUARIUS SSS PRODUCTS REACHED THE MISSION OBJECTIVE OF 0.2 PSU ACCURACY ON MONTHLY MAPS FOR MANY OCEANIC REGIONS. HOWEVER, SOME SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS REMAIN SUCH AS INTER-BEAM DIFFERENCES, LARGER ERROR AT HIGHER LATITUDES AND UNEXPLAINED BIAS DEPENDENCE ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATUE. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSAL IS TO IMPROVE THE CALIBRATION AND THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM FOR THE AQUARIUS RADIOMETERS IN ORDER TO MITIGATE THE REMAINING ERROR IN SSS. PART OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS A CONTINUATION OF THE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS OF COLD SKY CALIBRATION (CSC) MANEUVERS THAT HAVE PROVED SUCCESSFUL IN THE PAST IN ASSESSING THE CALIBRATION TEMPORAL DRIFT AND CORRECTING FOR ABSOLUTE BIAS. LN PARTICULAR, A SPECIAL CSC MANEUVER WILL BE DESIGNED TO REFINE THE KNOWLEDGE ON THE ANTENNA SPILLOVER THAT HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF ERROR IN THE ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION. THE CALIBRATION WILL ALSO BE IMPROVED AT THE SO-CALLED "WARM-END" OF THE BDGHTNESS TEMPERATURES WHICH CONCERNS LAND AND ICE. REGARDING THE RETRIEVAL OF SSS, A FEW ISSUES WILL BE ADDRESSED. FIRST, THE ERROR IN RETRIEVED SSS, IDENTIFIED BY COMPARING TO IN SITU MEASUREMENTS, SHOWS A DEPENDENCE ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST). SECOND, SMALL BIASES BETWEEN THE THREE AQUARIUS BEAMS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN THE RETRIEVED SSS. FINALLY, THE SSS AT HIGH LATITUDES SUFFERS FROM LARGER ERRORS (BIAS AND RANDOM ERROR) THAN AT LOWER LATITUDES. POSSIBLE SOURCES FOR THESE ERROR WILL BE INVESTIGATED, AMONG WHICH THE MODEL FOR THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AND THE ANCILLARY PRODUCT FOR SST. THE BEST DIELECTRIC CONSTANT MODEL AND ANCILLARY PRODUCTS WILL BE DETERMINED. FOR THE HIGH LATITUDES, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE IMPACT OF SEA ICE ON THE MEASUREMENT IS AN IMPOFIANT SOURCE OF ERROR. A CORRECTION ALGORITHM WILL BE INVESTIGATED TO IMPROVE THE SSS AT HIGH LATITUDES. THE PI HAS CONSIDERABLE EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE RETRIEVAL OF SSS FROM L-BAND RADIOMETRY. HE HAS BEEN WORKING ON THE ESA SOIL MOISTURE AND OCEAN SALINITY (SMOS) MISSION AND THE NASA/CONAE AQUARIUS/SAC-D MISSIONS FOR THE LAST 15 YEARS, DEVELOPING FORWARD MODELS AND RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS. HE HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN THE AQUARIUS CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION ACTIVITIES SINCE THE INSTRUMENTS TURN-ON, IN PARTICULAR HE HAS WORKED ON THE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS OF THE COLD SKY CALIBRATION. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $331,584 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Sep 17, 2014 | Jan 1, 2015 | May 6, 2019 | ||
| THIS PROPOSAL IS TO BRING THE EXPERTISE AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM AQUARIUS TO ADDRESS POST-LAUNCH CALIBRATION OF THE SMAP RADIOMETER DATA. THE GOAL IS TO PROVIDE A CALIBRATION OF THE RADIOMETER DATA OVER THE FULL RANGE FROM COLD SKY AND OCEAN TO ICE/SNOW AND LAND TO SUPPORT THE RETRIEVAL OF SOIL MOISTURE. SPECIFIC ISSUES WILL INCLUDE CALIBRATION OF THE POLARIMETRIC CHANNELS AND THEIR USE TO CORRECT FOR FARADAY ROTATION, THE USE OF THE COLD SKY AND OCEAN FOR CALIBRATION, AND CORRECTING FOR EXTRANEOUS SOURCES SUCH AS THE GALACTIC BACKGROUND AND SUN. THE AQUARIUS SIMULATOR (FORWARD ALGORITHM) WILL BE ADAPTED TO SMAP AND USED PRE-LAUNCH TO SIMULATE RADIOMETER BEHAVIOR AND USED POST-LAUNCH TO SUPPORT ANALYSIS OF DATA. THE OVERALL GOAL OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO: PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE SMAP PROJECT IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF THE RADIOMETER DATA; PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE SMAP PROJECT IN CORRECTING THE RADIOMETER DATA FOR EXTRANEOUS SOURCES OF RADIATION AND IDENTIFYING SOURCES THAT MAY NOT BE ADEQUATELY CORRECTED IN THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE SMAP PROJECT FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE RADIOMETER DATA AND THE SCIENCE RETRIEVAL. THE PI WILL BE SUPPORTED IN THIS WORK BY TWO CO-I S WHO HAVE WORKED CLOSELY WITH HIM ON AQUARIUS AND ARE EXPERTS IN MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $257,992 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Jun 17, 2014 | Jul 1, 2014 | Jun 30, 2019 | ||
| THE PROPOSED EFFORT IS DIRECTED TOWARDS MEETING THE MAIN GOAL OF THE NASA PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT MISSIONS (PMM) VALIDATION EFFORT, WHICH IS TO EVALUATE, IMPROVE AND ADVANCE CURRENT SATELLITE PRECIPITATION RETRIEVALS IN PREPARATION FOR THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT (GPM) MISSION. IT FOCUSES ON THE EVALUATION OF SATELLITE PRECIPITATION INTENSITY ESTIMATES USING GROUND REFERENCE DATA. MORE SPECIFICALLY, WE WILL EVALUATE THE CURRENT INTEGRATED MULTI-SATELLITE RETRIEVALS FOR GPM (IMERG) USING THE NOAA/NSSL NEXT GENERATION QPE HIGH-RESOLUTION NATIONAL MOSAICS (Q2), AND USING THE NEW HIGHRESOLUTION INSTANTANEOUS GAUGE-ADJUSTED RADAR PRODUCTS, WHICH THE PI HAS DEVELOPED. THESE NEW REFERENCE PRODUCTS PROVIDE A BREAKTHROUGH IN THE ACCURACY OF LARGE-SCALE HIGH-RESOLUTION SURFACE REFERENCE DATA AVAILABLE FOR VARIOUS HYDROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, AND FOR VERIFICATION OF SATELLITE SNAPSHOT OBSERVATIONS. THIS EFFORT WILL PROVIDE ALGORITHM DEVELOPERS WITH THE INFORMATION THEY REQUIRED ON THE PERFORMANCE NOT ONLY OF THE END USER PRODUCT, BUT ALSO AT DIFFERENT STEPS OF THE MULTI-SATELLITE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT. THE KEY OUTCOME IS TO VERIFY THAT THE INTER-SATELLITE CALIBRATION, THE MORPHING, AND THE GAUGE INFLUENCE COMPUTATIONS IN IMERG ARE OPERATING AS EXPECTED, OR PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO MODIFY THE APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE THIS. THE PROPOSED WORKLOAD IN TERMS OF THE PI FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE) IS 3 MONTHS OVER ONE YEAR. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $0 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | May 22, 2013 | Jun 1, 2013 | Apr 8, 2014 | ||
| THE PROPOSED CONFERENCE IS THE 1ST IUGG GRC CONFERENCE ON EXTREME NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISK AND WILL BRING SCIENTISTS FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES TO DISCUSS THE MANY TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARDS OCCURRING IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. THESE NATURAL HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LAND, OCEAN, ATMOSPHERE AND CRYOSPHERE; AN IMPROVED UNDERSTANDING OF THE COUPLING BETWEEN THESE SPHERES ARE REQUIRED TO DEVELOP AN ALERT SYSTEM FOR SEVERAL OF THESE NATURAL HAZARDS. THE CONFERENCE WILL BE HELD FOR FOUR DAYS AT CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY IN ORANGE, CALIFORNIA WITH EXPERTS FROM DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES PRESENTING AN OVERVIEW OF PAST NATURAL HAZARDS AND THEIR IMPACTS. RECENT MODELING EFFORTS TO DEVELOP AN ALERT SYSTEM TO SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTIES FROM THESE NATURAL HAZARDS WILL BE REVIEWED. THE CONFERENCE WILL ALSO FEATURE A PANEL DISCUSSION TO DEBATE ON THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND SOCIETY - A REAL GLOBAL PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL HAZARDS. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $14,766 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Apr 8, 2013 | Dec 14, 2012 | Jun 13, 2013 | ||
| TO ACQUIRE GLOBAL OBSERVATIONS FOR SOIL MOISTURE AND SEA SURFACE SALINITY, THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY'S SOIL MOISTURE AND OCEAN SALINITY (SMOS) MISSION WAS LAUNCHED IN NOVEMBER 2009, AND HAS BEEN OPERATING FOR CLOSE TO 2 YEARS. THE NASA AQUARIUS/SAC-D MISSION, WHICH IS ONE OF THE NASA EARTH SCIENCE FOUNDATIONAL MISSIONS [NASA 2010 SMD SCIENCE PLAN], WAS LAUNCHED RECENTLY, IN JUNE 2011, WITH A FOCUS ON SALINITY. THE NEXT NASA L-BAND MICROWAVE MISSION WILL BE SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE/PASSIVE (SMAP), A 2007 DECADAL SURVEY TIER 1 MISSION, TO BE LAUNCHED IN LATE 2014 FOR SOIL MOISTURE OBSERVATIONS. TOGETHER SMOS, AQUARIUS AND SMAP WILL PROVIDE AT LEAST 8 YEARS OF CONTIGUOUS L-BAND MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS, CRITICAL FOR GLOBAL WATER RESEARCH. SMOS OBSERVATIONS SUFFER FROM BIASES AT VARIOUS TIME SCALES. COMPARISON OF OBSERVATIONS DURING MORNING AND EVENING PASSES SHOW DIFFERENCES IN BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AND RETRIEVED SALINITY, LIKELY RELATED TO VARYING SOLAR HEATING ON THE INSTRUMENT'S ANTENNA. SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN BIAS WAS ALSO REPORTED. THESE BIASES WILL NOT ONLY HINDER THE ACCURACY OF RETRIEVED SALINITY AND SOIL MOISTURE WHEN COMPARED TO IN-SITU DATA, THEY WILL ALSO HINDER INTER-COMPARISON OF PRODUCTS FROM THE VARIOUS SENSORS, AND THE CREATION OF LONG TERM DATASETS SPANNING DIFFERENT MISSIONS NECESSARY FOR CLIMATE STUDIES. IN CONTRAST, THE AQUARIUS INSTRUMENT HAS AN ACTIVE THERMAL CONTROL TO MEET HIGH ACCURACY AND STABILITY REQUIREMENTS THAT HAS ACHIEVED BETTER THAN 0.1 DEGREE C TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR THE CALIBRATION-SENSITIVE FRONT-END. THIS RESULTS IN STABILITY OF AQUARIUS CALIBRATION WITHIN 0.1K IN A FEW DAYS. WE HAVE ALSO DEVELOPED AND TESTED VICARIOUS CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES USING THE ON-ORBIT AQUARIUS DATA TO IDENTIFY AND REMOVE CALIBRATION DRIFT BEYOND A FEW DAYS. THIS WILL ALLOW REMOVAL OF SMOS BIASES BETWEEN MORNING AND EVENING PASSES. OTHER BIASES WILL BE ADDRESSED BY CAREFUL COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS FROM BOTH INSTRUMENTS AND WITH COMPARISONS TO REFERENCE MODELS CONSISTENT FOR BOTH MISSIONS. OUR PROPOSED PROJECT WILL COMPLETE SEVEN TASKS, COVERING ALL ASPECTS OF INTER-CALIBRATION OF AQUARIUS AND SMOS BY PERFORMING THE INTER-CALIBRATION AT THE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB) AND GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCT LEVELS AND OVER OCEANS, ICE AND LAND TO ENSURE PROPER DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE INSTRUMENTS. WE WILL COLLOCATE AQUARIUS AND SMOS DATA USING A SHORT TIME WINDOW TO ENSURE THAT CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS (E.G. SEA SURFACE WIND) WILL BE SMALL. WE WILL FIRST FLAG AND DISCARD RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) CORRUPTED SAMPLES FOR ALL INSTRUMENTS THAT COULD POTENTIALLY IMPACT INTER-CALIBRATION EFFORTS, APPLYING AQUARIUS' ADVANCED RFI DETECTION TECHNIQUE TO ENHANCE SMOS TB PRODUCT. WE WILL CREATE A GLOBAL RFI FLAG MAP. DIRECT COMPARISON OF TB WILL BE PERFORMED, ACCOUNTING FOR DIFFERENCES IN INCIDENCE ANGLES AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION BETWEEN THE INSTRUMENTS. TO REDUCE THE NOISE, SMOS DATA WILL BE AVERAGED OVER THE ENTIRE RANGE OF INCIDENCE ANGLES, USING MODELS TO TRANSLATE TO THE AQUARIUS INCIDENCE ANGLES FOR COMPARISON. SMOS HIGHER SPATIAL RESOLUTION WILL BE USEFUL AT LOCATIONS WITH SMALL SCALE VARIABILITY CAUSED BY PROXIMITY OF COASTS OR PRESENCE OF A GEOPHYSICAL FRONT IN SALINITY, TEMPERATURE OR WIND. THE GEOPHYSICAL MODEL FUNCTION FOR BOTH INSTRUMENTS WILL BE CROSS-CALIBRATED. OVER OCEANS, SALINITY RETRIEVAL IS COMPLICATED BY THE IMPACT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS, AFFECTED BY WINDS AND WAVES. SMOS USES ANCILLARY WIND DATA FROM MODELS TO PERFORM THE ROUGHNESS CORRECTION, AQUARIUS USES A SCATTEROMETER THAT PROVIDES MEASUREMENTS COINCIDENT AND COLLOCATED WITH THE RADIOMETER OBSERVATIONS. COMPARISON OF SMOS AND AQUARIUS SALINITY RETRIEVALS WITH ARGO IN SITU DATA WILL ALLOW AN END-TO-END ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSISTENCY OF BOTH CALIBRATIONS. OUR PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL ENABLE INTER-CALIBRATION OF SMOS AND AQUARIUS FOR AT LEAST YEARS, AND WILL PROVIDE EXCELLENT CALIBRATION REFERENCE FOR THE SMAP INSTRUMENT. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $137,615 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Apr 24, 2012 | Mar 1, 2012 | Jun 14, 2017 | ||
| A MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO CHARACTERIZE ERRORS OF MULTI-SATELLITE PRECIPITATION RETRIEVALS IN SUPPORT OF GPM 'DAY-I' ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT. FOR THE FIRST TIME, PRECIPITATION FIELDS DERIVED FROM INDIVIDUAL LEO SATELLITES, WHICH WILL BE USED TO CONSTRUCT THE GPM MULTI-SATELLITE PRODUCTS, WILL BE COMPARED WITH GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS AT OVERPASS TIME (SNAPSHOT COMPARISONS). THE PROPOSED EFFORT FOCUSES ON CONDUCTING COMPARISONS OF INSTANTANEOUS PRECIPITATION INTENSITY FIELDS. THE REFERENCE PRODUCTS WHICH ALLOW SUCH COMPARISONS ARE THE NOAAJNSSL NEXT GENERATION QPE HIGHRESOLUTION (I-KM HORIZONTALLY, INSTANTANEOUS) NATIONAL MOSAICS (Q2) WITH UPDATES EVERY 5 MINUTES, AND THE NEW HIGH-RESOLUTION INSTANTANEOUS GAUGE-ADJUSTED RADAR PRODUCTS, WHICH THE PI HAS DEVELOPED BY APPLYING A GAUGE CORRECTION ON THE NSSL Q2 PRODUCTS. THESE NEW REFERENCE PRODUCTS PROVIDE A BREAKTHROUGH IN THE ACCURACY OF LARGE-SCALE HIGH-RESOLUTION SURFACE REFERENCE DATA AVAILABLE FOR VARIOUS HYDROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, AND FOR VERIFICATION OF SATELLITE SNAPSHOT OBSERVATIONS. A SECONDARY EFFORT THAT IS BEING PROPOSED IS ALSO BASED ON COMPARISONS OF INSTANTANEOUS PRECIPITATION RATE FIELDS FROM SATELLITE AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS. WE WILL CONTINUE OUR NEW STUDY OF EVALUATING THE TRMM PR ESTIMATES UTILIZING THE DENSE GAUGE NETWORK OF THE USDA-ARS WALNUT GULCH EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED IN SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA. THIS NETWORK PROVIDES A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY FOR DIRECT COMPARISONS OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS AND SATELLITE-BASED RAIN RATE ESTIMATES. IT IS THE DENSEST RAIN GAUGE NETWORK IN THE TRMM PR COVERAGE AREA FOR WATERSHEDS GREATER THAN 10 SQ KM. THE DENSITY OF THE GAUGE NETWORK AND ITS HIGH DEGREE OF TEMPORAL SYNCHRONIZATION AND RESOLUTION ALLOWS GENERATING VERY-HIGH-TEMPORAL-RESOLUTION RAINFALL RATE FIELDS (I-MIN), AND OBTAINING ACCURATE ESTIMATES OF THE AREA-AVERAGE RAIN RATE FOR THE ENTIRE WATERSHED AND FOR A SINGLE TRMM PR FIELD OF VIEW. A THIRD PROPOSED EFFORT IS TO SERVE AS A "SCIENTIFIC BRIDGE" BETWEEN NSSL NMQ/Q2 GROUP AND THE GPM PROJECT OFFICE / GPM GV SCIENCE MANAGER IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT NASA HAS A WORKING INFRASTRUCTURE/METHOD/SYSTEM IN PLACE TO FACILITATE THE DIRECT VALIDATION OF RAINFALL RATES OVER THE CONUS PRIOR TO GPM LAUNCH. THIS INCLUDES PROVIDING GUIDANCE TO NASA ON INCORPORATING THE NEW PRODUCTS INTO THE GPM VALIDATION EFFORT AS PART OF THE NATIONAL NETWORK AS DESCRIBED IN THE GPM GV SCIENCE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN, PROVIDING SCIENTIFIC GUIDANCE TO ALGORITHM DEVELOPERS AND OTHER INVESTIGATORS ON UTILIZING Q2 AND/OR OTHER NATIONAL NETWORK PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO THEIR VALIDATION NEEDS, AND COLLABORATING WITH NSSL NMQ/Q2 SCIENTISTS ON BUILDING A FRAMEWORK FOR SYSTEMATIC ERROR MODELING OF NASA SPACE BORNE RADAR WITH Q2. THE PROPOSED OBJECTIVES WILL BE ACHIEVED THROUGH COLLABORATION WITH SCIENTISTS WHO ARE SATELLITE ALGORITHM DEVELOPERS AND SCIENTISTS AT NOAA AND USDA AT NO ADDITIONAL COST TO NASA. THE PI, A MEMBER OF THE NASA PMM SCIENCE TEAM, HAS CONSIDERABLE EXPERIENCE ADDRESSING VALIDATION ISSUES FROM HIS 20 YEARS OF COLLABORATION WITH NASA TRMM ON METHODS TO EVALUATE SATELLITE RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND ALGORITHMS USING GROUND REFERENCE DATA. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $164,372 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Mar 7, 2012 | Jan 9, 2012 | Nov 27, 2013 | ||
| COMPARISONS OF TRMM RADAR (PR) AND GROUND-BASED ESTIMATES OF RAIN-RATE SHOW SIGNIFICANT DISCREPANCIES FOR SOME OVERPASSES (FIG. 1). A MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO IDENTIFY AND UNDERSTAND THE SOURCES OF THESE LARGE DISCREPANCIES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE SATELLITE ALGORITHMS AND PRODUCTS. FOR THAT, WE WILL UTILIZE THE NEW NOAA/NSSL Q2 PRODUCTS. THESE ARE HIGH-RESOLUTION QUALITY CONTROLLED PRODUCTS (L-KM HORIZONTALLY, UPDATED EVERY 5 MIN) OF INSTANTANEOUS RAIN-RATE AND REFLECTIVITY MOSAICS AVAILABLE OVER THE ENTIRE CONTINENTAL U.S. WE WILL ALSO USE THE INSTANTANEOUS GAUGE-ADJUSTED RADAR PRODUCTS, WHICH ARE DEVELOPED BY THE PI USING THE Q2 PRODUCTS. WE PROPOSE TO 1) FOCUS ON SMALLER AREAS WITH THE LARGEST DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN PR AND Q2 RAIN-RATE ESTIMATES TO PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE PHYSICAL REASONS WHY THE MEASUREMENTS DIFFER; 2) UTILIZE Q2 PRODUCTS TO CHARACTERIZE ERRORS IN MULTISATELLITE RAINFALL RETRIEVALS; 3) EVALUATE TEST-VERSIONS OF TRMM/GPM PRODUCTS (ALGORITHMS) USING Q2 PRIOR TO THE OFFICIAL RELEASE OF A NEW VERSION; 4) EVALUATE/IMPROVE THE Q2 GAUGE ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURE TO HAVE MORE ACCURATE REFERENCE DATA FOR SATELLITE SNAPSHOT COMPARISONS; 5) PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE GPM PROJECT OFFICE AND GPM GV SCIENCE MANAGER ON UTILIZING Q2 AND/OR OTHER NATIONAL NETWORK PRODUCTS AS PART OF THE NATIONAL NETWORK AS DESCRIBED IN THE GPM GV SCIENCE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN. THE PROPOSED OBJECTIVES WILL BE ACHIEVED THROUGH COLLABORATION WITH SCIENTISTS WHO ARE SATELLITE ALGORITHM DEVELOPERS, SCIENTISTS AT NOAA, AND THE WORK OF A POST-DOC AND A PHD STUDENT FROM UPC BARCELONA AT NO COST TO NASA. THE PI, A MEMBER OF THE NASA PMM SCIENCE TEAM, HAS CONSIDERABLE EXPERIENCE ADDRESSING VALIDATION ISSUES FROM HIS 20 YEARS OF COLLABORATION WITH NASA TRMM ON METHODS TO EVALUATE SATELLITE RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND ALGORITHMS USING GROUND REFERENCE DATA. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $149,985 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Feb 8, 2012 | Feb 8, 2012 | Jul 25, 2013 | ||
| THE AQUARIUS/SAC-D MISSION WILL MEASURE GLOBAL SEA SURFACE SALINITY (SSS) BY MEANS OF L-BAND PASSIVE(RADIOMETER) AND ACTIVE (SCATTEROMETER) REMOTE SENSING. THE SALINITY VARIABILITY IN THE OPEN OCEAN WILL RESULT IN CHANGES OF THE ORDER OF A FEW KELVIN (K) IN THE RADIOMETRIC SIGNAL. HOWEVER, VARIABILITY OF OTHER GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS LIKE THE OCEAN SURFACE ROUGHNESS (MOSTLY RELATED TO WIND) OR SURFACE TEMPERATURE CAN RESULT IN A SIMILAR, IF NOT LARGER, RADIOMETRIC SIGNAL. IN ADDITION, INSTRUMENTAL ERRORS, DUE FOR EXAMPLE TO THE ANTENNA GAIN PATTERN, CAN ALSO RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT UNCERTAINTY ON THE MEASURED SIGNAL. THEREFORE, RETRIEVING THE SALINITY WILL REQUIRE ACCURATE CORRECTION OF THE UNCERTAINTIES DUE TO INSTRUMENTAL EFFECTS AND NATURAL GEOPHYSICAL NOISE. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSAL IS TO IMPROVE THE FORWARD MODEL FOR THE AQUARIUS RADIOMETERS AND SCATTEROMETER, AND TO DEVELOP AN EFFICIENT RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM, FROM SIMULATIONS AT FIRST, AND FROM THE ACTUAL AQUARIUS DATA WHEN THESE BECOME AVAILABLE LATER. AQUARIUS WILL USE A SCATTEROMETER TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS. THIS WILL HELP TO CORRECT FOR ROUGHNESS IMPACTS ON THE RADIOMETER SIGNAL IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE RETRIEVAL OF SALINITY. WHILE THE SCATTEROMETER SIGNAL IS KNOWN TO BE MOSTLY DEPENDENT ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS, ITS USE FOR CORRECTING THE RADIOMETRIC SIGNAL IS NOT STRAIGHTFORWARD. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNALS ARE AFFECTED DIFFERENTLY BY THE VARIOUS ROUGHNESS SCALES, AND THESE DIFFERENCES VARY WITH THE INSTRUMENTS INCIDENCE ANGLES AND POLARIZATIONS. PART OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO ASSESS THE DEPENDENCE OF BOTH TYPES OF SIGNAL ON THE VARIOUS SCALES BY MEANS OF MODELING, AND TO DERIVE AN OPTIMIZED RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM ACCOUNTING FOR THE MODELING RESULTS. THE PI WILL USE THE AQUARIUS SIMULATOR THAT HE HAS DEVELOPED DURING THE LAST FEW YEARS (AND THAT HE WILL CONTINUE TO DEVELOP). THE SIMULATOR INCLUDES FORWARD SIGNALS COMING FROM THE EARTH SURFACES (LAND, OCEAN, ICE), THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE CELESTIAL SKY (INCLUDING THE SUN AND THE MOON). IT USES AQUARIUS SIMULATED ORBIT DATA (POSITION, VELOCITY, ATTITUDE), AND COMPUTES INSTRUMENTAL EFFECTS LIKE THE IMPACT OF ANTENNA GAIN PATTERNS. WHEN ACTUAL AQUARIUS/SAC-D DATA WILL BE AVAILABLE, THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM WILL BE VALIDATED AND CORRECTIONS TO THE ALGORITHM WILL BE PERFORMED USING RETRIEVED AND GROUND TRUTH SSS. THE PI HAS CONSIDERABLE EXPERIENCE RELATED TO THE RETRIEVAL OF SSS FROM L-BAND RADIOMETRY. HE HAS BEEN WORKING ON THE ESA SOIL MOISTURE AND OCEAN SALINITY (SMOS) MISSION AND THE NASA/CONAE AQUARIUS/SAC-D MISSIONS FOR THE LAST 10 YEARS, DEVELOPING FORWARD MODELS AND RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS. HE HAS PROCESSED AND ANALYZED RADIOMETRIC DATA FROM VARIOUS AIRBORNE AND IN-SITU CAMPAIGNS IN ORDER TO VALIDATE AND IMPROVE FORWARD MODEL. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $542,316 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Dec 13, 2010 | Dec 13, 2010 | Sep 30, 2015 | ||
| XR2009 WRAP-UP, OCT 19-21, 2010 | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $7,690 | INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE | INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE | — | — | U001EDUCATION/TRAINING- LECTURES | Sep 16, 2010 | Sep 14, 2010 | Nov 10, 2010 | ||
| LC-MS ANALYSIS OF CONDENSEDTANINS | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $15,000 | DEPT OF THE ARMY | DEPT OF THE ARMY | — | 541712 | AD22 | Jun 22, 2009 | Jun 22, 2009 | Feb 28, 2010 | ||
| GLOBAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: HAZARDS AND REGIONAL IMPACTS: THE GLOBAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: HAZARDS AND REGIONAL IMPACTS PROJECT ADDRESSES THREE INTER-RELATED THEMATIC AREAS: AEROSOLS, TROPICAL STORMS, AND CARBON CYCLE/ECOSYSTEMS, IMPORTANT TO NASA'S EARTH SCIENCE MISSION. CONTRIBUTING RESEARCH ACTIVITIES, UNDER EACH THEMATIC AREA, PROVIDE A SUBSTANTIVE BODY OF PROPOSED RESEARCH THAT COMPLEMENTS MANY OF MAP'06 GOALS, UTILIZING GEOS5, SELECTED MODEL EVOLUTION AND INTERFACES AS WELL UTILIZING A VARIETY OF SCIENTIFIC NASA REMOTE SENSING AND OTHER DATA. CENTRAL TO THE PROPOSED TWO YEAR PROJECT IS BUILDING A TRULY INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE RESEARCH, BY EMPHASIZING THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF MANY SCIENTIFIC AREAS, UTILIZING INNOVATIVE CROSS-CUTTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES AND STAYING IN TUNE WITH NASA EARTH SCIENCE GOALS. WE EXPECT THAT OUR ACTIVITIES WILL FIT ESMF AND NASA'S INTERDISCIPLINARY MISSION. SPECIFICALLY, MANY OF THE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES EXAMINE THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG HAZARDS, LOCAL IMPACTS AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY AT BOTH REGIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES. FOR EXAMPLE, WE PLAN TO STUDY IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATIC EFFECTS AT REGIONAL SCALES AND VICE VERSA, STUDY AEROSOL TRANSPORT, AND THE EFFECTS OF DUST ON TROPICAL STORMS: STUDY THE ROLE OF OBSERVATIONS IN IMPROVING MODELING OF TROPICAL STORMS, AND OBTAIN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW HURRICANE PREDICTIONS CAN BE IMPROVED; STUDY LINKAGES AMONG LAND USE, LAND COVER, THE CARBON CYCLE AND AEROSOLS TO AID UNDERSTANDING OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION USING SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING. WE PLAN TO UTILIZE MODIS, AIRS, OMT, CALIPSO, AND OTHER NASA DATA. OUR TEAM IS COMPOSED OF A NUMBER OF TOP SCIENTISTS WHO ARE EITHER AT NASA OR WORK CLOSELY WITH NASA, AS WELL AS A NUMBER OF MODELERS, DATA ANALYSTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS, SUPPORTING THE SCIENCE GOALS OF THE PROJECT. A STRONG MANAGEMENT TEAM COMPOSED OF THREE CO-I'S DIRECTING THE MAIN THEMATIC AREAS WILL COORDINATE ALL ACTIVITIES AND WILL CONTINUOUSLY INVOLVE NASA TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT. GENERALLY, OUR TEAM HAS WORKED TOGETHER ALMOST FIVE YEARS. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $5,091 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AR21 | Jun 17, 2009 | Jul 1, 2009 | Sep 30, 2009 | ||
| CONTRACTING SHALL PROVIDE NOTICE OF ACCEPTANCE BY SIGNING BELOW AND RETURNING (1) COPY TO THE ADDRESS SHOWN IN BLOCK 6. __________________________ CONTRACTOR'S SIGNATURE | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $6,000 | HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF | — | — | — | — | Apr 27, 2009 | Apr 27, 2009 | Jun 17, 2009 | ||
| UTILIZING THE NATIONAL NETWORK FOR VERIFICATION OF SATELLITE RAINFALL ESTIMATES THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL FOCUSES ON VERIFICATION OF SATELLITE INSTANTANEOUS PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS OVER A VARIETY OF CLIMATIC REGIMES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSESSING TRMM ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE. AS MAIN PART OF THIS EFFORT WE WILL EVALUATE THE POTENTIAL USE OF THE EXISTING U.S. NATIONAL NETWORK OF RADARS AND RAIN GAUGES FOR STATISTICAL VERIFICATION OF TRMM AND FUTURE GPM ESTIMATES. THE DISTRIBUTION OF RAIN RATE (R) IS OF GREAT INTEREST IN MANY FIELDS. FOR EXAMPLE HYDROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SUCH AS FLOOD FORECASTING DEPEND ON AN ACCURATE REPRESENTATION OF THE EXCESS RAINFALL - DRIVEN BY RAIN RATE - THAT DOES NOT INFILTRATE THE SOIL. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS (PDF) OF R CAN NOW BE OBTAINED FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS (E.G. THE TRMM SATELLITE). HOW ACCURATE ARE THEY? EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF THE SATELLITE BASED PDFS IS VERY IMPORTANT ALSO SINCE IT ALLOWS FOR INDIRECT EVALUATION OF OTHER RAINFALL PRODUCTS FROM SPACE-BASED OBSERVATIONS. THE ADVANTAGE OF COMPARING SPACE-BASED PDFS WITH PDFS DERIVED FROM CO-LOCATED GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS IS THAT SUCH COMPARISONS ARE FREE OF THE LARGE UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH PIXEL-BY-PIXEL COMPARISONS OF THE INSTANTANEOUS PRODUCTS AND ALSO OF THE SATELLITE TEMPORAL SAMPLING ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACCUMULATED RAINFALL PRODUCTS. RECENT EFFORTS TO EVALUATE THE PDFS FROM TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR (PR) BY COMPARING THEM TO PDFS BASED ON CO-LOCATED DATA FROM GAUGE ADJUSTED GROUND RADAR IN CENTRAL FLORIDA REVEALS LARGE DISCREPANCIES. THESE DISCREPANCIES VARY WITH RAIN TYPE. TO BETTER IDENTIFY AND RESOLVE SUCH SIGNIFICANT DISCREPANCIES WE PROPOSE TO UTILIZE THE NEW NOAA/NSSL NEXT GENERATION QPE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTS CONSISTING OF HIGH TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION 3-D RADAR REFLECTIVITY AND GAUGE-ADJUSTED RAIN RATE MOSAICS (1 KM 5-MIN) OVER THE ENTIRE CONTINENTAL U.S. UTILIZING THESE NEW PRODUCTS WILL SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE OUR SAMPLE SIZE OF GROUND REFERENCE DATA AVAILABLE FOR VERIFICATION OF SATELLITE INSTANTANEOUS RAINFALL ESTIMATES. IT WILL ALSO PERMIT CLASSIFICATION BY TOPOGRAPHY / GEOGRAPHIC REGION / SEASON / CLIMATE REGIME / WEATHER EXTREMES / AND RAIN TYPE. OUR KEY OBJECTIVE IS TO IDENTIFY AND UNDERSTAND THE SOURCES OF LARGE DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN SURFACE-BASED AND SATELLITE ESTIMATES OF RAIN RATE IN ORDER TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE SATELLITE ALGORITHMS AND PRODUCTS AND TO PREDICT ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE IN DIFFERENT METEOROLOGICAL REGIMES. WE WILL DEVELOP AND APPLY A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR STATISTICAL AND PHYSICAL VERIFICATION OF SATELLITE ESTIMATES OF RAINFALL BASED ON COMPARING SPACE- AND GROUND-BASED PDF OF R BEFORE AND AFTER CLASSIFYING THE PDFS BY RAIN TYPE AND OTHER PARAMETERS. WE WILL APPLY THIS FRAMEWORK TO DATA FROM THE TRMM GROUND VALIDATION (GV) SITE IN CENTRAL FLORIDA AND FROM THE NATIONAL NETWORK. THE NATIONAL NETWORK-SATELLITE PDF COMPARISON WILL NOT BE LIMITED TO SPACEBORNE RADAR BUT WILL INCLUDE PASSIVE MICROWAVE RAINFALL PRODUCTS. IN ADDITION THE PI PROPOSES TO CONTINUE HIS EFFORTS OF IMPROVING THE TRMM GV "OPERATIONAL" ALGORITHM AND PRODUCTS (TRMM VERSION 6 AND BEYOND). SPECIAL EMPHASIS WILL BE GIVEN TO INSTANTANEOUS GV RAIN PRODUCTS AND IMPROVED GV PDFS FOR COMPARISON WITH THE SATELLITE PDFS. THE PROPOSED OBJECTIVES WILL BE ACHIEVED THROUGH COLLABORATION WITH SCIENTISTS AT NOAA AND THE WORK OF A PH.D. STUDENT FROM UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA (UPC) BARCELONA AT NO COST TO NASA. THE PI - A FORMER MEMBER OF THE TRMM SCIENCE TEAM - HAS CONSIDERABLE EXPERIENCE ADDRESSING VALIDATION ISSUES FROM HIS WORK AT NASA GSFC IN THE RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGIES FOR QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION AND VERIFICATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TRMM GV RAINFALL PRODUCTS. HE IS CURRENTLY SERVING ON THE GPM GV WORKING GROUP TASKED WITH FORMULATING THE GPM GV PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. | CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY | $313,553 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | — | AR21 | Sep 17, 2008 | Jul 1, 2008 | Jun 30, 2010 |